2018年高考英语全国Ⅰ卷 阅读题C篇「经济学人」
CLanguages he been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by ter-gatherers, all, tightly knit (联系) groups dloped their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts beli that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.
2018年英语高考全国卷 2018年高考全国卷1卷
2018年英语高考全国卷 2018年高考全国卷1卷
Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the dlopment of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all he caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.
At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely unn. The general rule is that mild zones he relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones he lots, often spoken by all numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数) of speakers is mere 6,000, which means that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that.
Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction (消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon （eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to he much chance of survival.
28. What can we infer about languages in ter-gatherer times?
A. They dloped very fast.
B. They were large in number.
C. They had similar patterns.
D. They were closely connected.
29. Which of the following best explains "dominant" underlined in paragraph 2？
A. Complex. B. Aanced. C. Powerful. D. Modern.
30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present？
A. About 6,800. B. About 3,400. C. About 2,400. D. About 1,200.
31. What is the main idea of the text？
A. New languages will be created.
B. People's lifestyles are reflected in languages.
C. Human dlopment results in fewer languages.
D. Geography determines language evolution.
(戳下方“阅读原文 ” )
LearnAndRecord
2015年2月8日
2018年6月9日
第1218天
每天持续行动学外语
2018高考英语卷纸全国卷2分数结构
试卷满分：150分部分听力(共两节，满分30分) 节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分) 节 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分) 节 完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分) 阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分) 节 短文改错(共10小题；每小题l分，满分10分) 第二节 书面表达(满分25分) 希望对你有帮助！
2018年高考英语全国卷1 - 阅读理解A
Washington, D.C. Bicycle Tours
特区自行车之旅
Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.
特区樱花自行车之旅。
Duration: 3 hours
时长：3小时
This all group bike tour is a fantastic way to see a world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before ailability — the cherry blossoms—disappear!
这个小型团体自行车之旅可以观赏特区世界的樱花盛放。导游将介绍有关樱花以及绽放处纪念碑的历史课程。记住在樱花凋谢之前预定好！
Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour
首都纪念碑自行车之旅
Duration:3 hours (4 miles)
时长：3小时（4英里）
Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water.
加入一个有导游的自行车之旅，参观特区一些的纪念碑。一边听导游在每一站分享不为人知的史实，一边探寻广场上的纪念碑和雕塑。旅游包括自行车、头盔、饼干和瓶装水。
Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.
首都自行车之旅。
Duration:3 hours
时长：3小时
Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D. C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most, interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a ooth tour route make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.
不管是早上还是下午，对于那些想要以一种最为轻松的健康方式，体验特区的新访客和当地人来说，这趟自行车之旅都是完美的。知识渊博的导游将为您介绍关于、国会、雕塑和公园的最有趣的故事。舒适的自行车和流畅的旅游路线让在不同地点之间骑自行车变得有趣和放松。
Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour
首都夜景自行车之旅
Duration:3 hours(7miles)
持续时间：3小时（7英里）
Join a all group bike tour for an ning of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.
加入一个小型团体自行车之旅，夜游特区的中心地带。当你骑自行车经过国会山和广场时，你要靠近纪念碑和雕塑。当导游介绍不为人知的史实时，我们会经常停下来拍照。旅游包括自行车、头盔和瓶装水。所有骑手都配有反光背心和安全灯。
2018年高考是全国卷？
要看你所在的省份，把全国各省份情况列举如下
市：所有科目全部自主命题
天津市：所有科目全部自主命题
上海市：所有科目全部自主命题
山东省：自主命题（语、数。PS：语文数学在2018将采用新课标Ⅰ卷）+新课标Ⅰ卷（综合（2016）、英）
广东省：英语听说考试由广东省自主命题(其余部分和其他科目均采用新课标Ⅰ卷)
江苏省：所有科目全部自主命题
浙江省：所有科目全部自主命题，英语听力使用全国英语等级考试二级听力;2017年起英语使用全国卷
，2019年起所有科目使用全国II卷
四川省：自主命题（数、英、理综）+新课标Ⅲ卷（语、文综）,2017年起全部使用全国III卷
福建省：2016年起全部使用全国I卷，2019年起使用全国II卷
湖北省：2016年起全部使用全国I卷
湖南省：2016年起全部使用全国I卷
海南省：自主命题（政、史、地、理、化、生）+新课标Ⅱ卷（语、数、英）
2018年高考英语全国卷2 - 阅读理解B
Many of us love July because it’s the month when nature’s berries and stone fruits are in abundance. These colourful and sweet jewels form British Columbia’s fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.
我们中的许多人喜欢七月，因为它是大自然的浆果和核果丰收的月份。这些来自不列颠哥伦比亚省田野，五颜六色、甘甜的宝石是营养保护的小小动力。
Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein, iron and zinc (not that fruits he much protein). Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants. The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries, they are so delicious who cares? Howr, they are rich in vitamin C.
在普通浆果中，草莓的维生素C含量，尽管是由于种子的 原因，覆盆子含有更多的蛋白质, 铁和锌（水果中不含太多蛋白质）。蓝莓的抗氧化剂含量特别高。 和橙色的核果，如桃子，富含类胡萝卜素，我们可以将其转化为维生素A，这是一种抗氧化剂。至于樱桃, 它们太好吃了，谁会在乎营养价值呢？不过，它们富含维生素C。
When combined with berries or sls of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ cream”. For this pure, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon ju on the bananas will prnt them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last sral weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.
当和浆果或其他水果片混合时，冷冻香蕉是制作浓稠冰凉的水果奶昔和低脂“冰淇淋”的基础配料。为此，选择熟的香蕉冷冻，这样更甜。去皮，将其放入塑料袋或容器中冷冻。如果你愿意，在香蕉上洒一点新鲜柠檬汁可以防止香蕉变成棕色。冷冻香蕉可以保存几个星期，这取决于它们的成熟度和冰箱的温度。
If you he a jur, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sld fruit. Out comes a “soft-serve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children’s party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the cream come out below.
如果你有榨汁机，你可以简单地加入冷冻香蕉和一些浆果或切片水果。松软的奶油甜点完成，可以立即食用。这对于儿童聚会来说是一项有趣的活动；他们喜欢把水果和冷冻香蕉放进机器的顶部，观察下面挤出的冰淇淋。
2018年高考英语全国卷1 - 阅读理解D
We may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of soming shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devs well after they go out of style. That’s bad news for the environment — and our wallets — as these outdated devs consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.
我们可能认为，在我们的文化中，一看到崭新的事物就会摒弃我们的旧技术，但一项新的研究表明，当旧设备过时了之后我们仍然继续使用。这对于环境和我们的钱包来说是个坏消息，因为这些过时的设备做同样的事情要比新设备消耗更多的能源。
To figure out how much power these devs are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life — from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the dev. This mod provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devs were grouped by generation. Desktop comrs, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, art phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.
为了弄清楚这些设备的耗电量，纽约罗切斯特理工学院的卡莉·巴比特和她的同事跟踪了每种产品在其整个生命周期内造成的环境代价——从原料开采到停止使用该设备。这一方法提供了自20世纪90年代初以来家庭能源使用的变化数据。不同的年代出现了不同的设备。台式计算机、最初的移动电话和盒式电视定义了1992年。1997年，数码相机问世。2002年MP3播放器、智能手机和液晶电视进入家庭，2007年平板电脑和电子阅读器问世。
As we accumulated more devs, howr, we didn't throw out our old ones. "The living-room evision is replaced and gets planted in the kids' room, and suddenly one day, you he a TV in ry room of the house," said one researcher. The erage number of electronic devs rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We're not just keeping these old devs — we continue to use them. According to the ysis of Babbitt's team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devs with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.
然而，当我们积累了更多的设备时，我们并没有扔掉我们的旧设备。一位研究人员说：“客厅的电视更换后放在孩子们的房间里，突然有一天，家里每个房间都有一台电视”。每个家庭拥有的电子设备平均数量从1992年的4台增加到2007年的13台。我们不仅保留了这些旧设备，我们还继续使用它们。根据巴比特团队的分析，旧的台式显示器和带有阴极射线管的盒式电视是最糟糕的设备，它们的能耗和温室气体排放量都很高，在1992年至2007年期间增加了一倍多。
So what's the solution? The team's data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop comrs could cut energy consumption by 44%.
那么解决方案是什么呢？该团队的数据仅持续到2007年，但研究人员还探讨了如果消费者使用具有多种功能的新电子产品（如用于文字处理和电视观看的平板电脑）取代旧产品会发生什么情况。他们发现，用平板电脑上代替电视和台式电脑观看更多的娱乐点播节目，可以减少44%的能耗。